As constantes mudanças da sociedade contemporânea, principalmente relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do progresso tecnocientífico, tem exigido uma contínua reinvenção da sociedade para acompanhar essas mudanças. Essas transformações têm impactado a totalidade da vida humana, e da biosfera. Se o futuro da natureza humana e da vida da biosfera eram considerados certos, não exigindo a prática de princípios específicos para que isso pudesse continuar a existir, Van Rensselaer Potter (1911-2001) com sua proposta de uma bioética global, e Edgar Morin (1921- atual) com (...) sua teoria da complexidade, alertam-nos de que é preciso buscar novos saberes à educação para garantir a existência futura. Diante dessa realidade marcada pelo acelerado progresso da ciência e da tecnologia, que por estar dissociada do mundo do mundo dos valores tem ameaçado a existência da vida em geral no futuro, esta pesquisa quer investigar como a bioética global de Potter faz interface com a teoria da complexidade de Edgar Morin, em vista de novos saberes à educação do futuro, que possibilite a sobrevivência futura da vida humana e da biosfera? Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter teórico conceitual, a partir das principais obras dos autores em foco, e de seus comentadores. Embora o cientista e o sociólogo tenham problematizado em realidades distintas, ambos apresentam um núcleo de preocupações em comum que ameaçam a vida humana e da biosfera no futuro. Por isso, propõem novos saberes à educação, saberes de um novo tipo, que vão além de uma simples disciplina dentro de um modelo de pensar. Novos saberes que privilegiem o a construção de pontes entre as ciências com as humanidades, o diálogo interdisciplinar, a aproximação das questões ético-políticas em vista de uma antropoética (Morin) e de uma educação bioético-política comprometida com a sobrevivência futura da humanidade (Potter). (shrink)

Contemporary regulation of food safety incorporates principles of quality management and systemic performance objectives that used to characterize private standards. Conversely, private standards are covering ground that used to be the realm of regulation. The nature of the two is becoming increasingly indistinguishable. The case study of the Ugandan fish export industry highlights how management methods borrowed from private standards can be applied to public regulation to achieve seemingly conflicting objectives. In the late 1990s, the EU imposed repeated bans on (...) fish imported from Uganda on the basis of food safety concerns. However, the EU did not provide scientific proof that the fish were actually “unsafe.” Rather, the poor performance of Uganda’s regulatory and monitoring system was used as justification. Only by fixing “the system” and performing the ritual of laboratory testing for all consignments for export to the EU did the Ugandan industry regain its status as a “safe” source of fish. Yet, gaps and inconsistencies abound in the current Ugandan fish safety management system. Some operations are by necessity carried out as “rituals of verification.” Given the importance of microbiological tests and laboratories in the compliance system, “alchemic rituals” provide an appropriate metaphor. These rituals are part and parcel of a model that reassures the EU fish-eating public that all is under control in Uganda from boat to point of export. As a consequence, actual non-compliance from boat to landing site allows the fishery to survive as an artisanal operation. (shrink)

This article explores the afterlives of the photographic production by Ruy Duarte de Carvalho (1941-2010), a Portuguese-born Angolan anthropologist who amidst the country's long-lasting civil war (1975-2002) engaged with the Ovakuvale trans-humant shepherds dwelling in the semi-arid region of southern Angola. Through the 1990s, Carvalho used analogue photographic cameras to document his field-work among the Ovakuvale, and afterwards engaged in various experiments with the medium for ethnographic purposes. Departing from the current assemblage of Carvalho's personal archive that remains after he (...) passed away, I explore distinct photographic relations connected to public usages of his Ovakuvale images during his lifetime, to discuss the ways in which he articulated them through diverse expressive modes and ventures - such as watercolours, illustrated publications, temporary exhibitions and a theatre play. Offering the opportunity to surrender to a broad experimental practice that makes his overall Ovakuvale ethnography particularly revealing, I project through the current archival assemblage a comparative approach to the rationales guiding the presentation of his Ovakuvale field images, to discuss salient temporal relationships between his method to produce and later reuse these images in postcolonial times. (shrink)

In these short comments, I concentrate mostly on the discussion about belief retention, about Frege’s dilemma concerning sentences containing temporal indexical expressions and about the problems of cognitive significance it raises. I argue that Bozickovic’s interpretation of Perry’s proposals (both of the 70’s proposal and of its later developments) is not accurate. I offer an account of these problems that I take to be congenial with Perry’s own explanation and which I think might complement Bozickovic’s own proposal.

Pierre Bourdieu, inspirado pelos estudos de Panofsky, delineou o conceito de habitus para tratar da relação entre indivíduo e sociedade. Para ele, habitus tem um papel mediador: é criado a partir da internalização das estruturas sociais em que um sujeito se encontra e prepara a ação futura desse indivíduo na sociedade. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar habitus como um signo, sob a ótica da filosofia de Charles Sanders Peirce, e a relação entre indivíduo e sociedade como um processo semiótico (...) e pragmático de fixação de crenças. Para isso, será apresentada a base escolástica comum aos conceitos de habitus em Bourdieu e de hábito em Peirce, para então serem apresentados os conceitos peircianos. Assim, se tornará mais evidente como o habitus participa de um processo de evolução contínuo que pode manter os modelos de uma sociedade ou transformá-los por meio das ações inventivas dos agentes. (shrink)

The purpose of the present study is to examine the attitudes of Portuguese chartered accountants with respect to questions of ethical nature that can arise in their professional activity. Respondents were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire developed by Forsyth (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(1), 175–184, 1980), in order to determine their idealism and relativism levels. Subsequently, they answered questions about five scenarios related to accounting practices, with the objective of measuring their ethical judgments. Based on (...) the idealism and relativism levels of our respondents, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies (absolutism, exceptionism, subjectivism, and situationism). The results indicated that age was the major determinant of relativism. Contrary to previous research, older respondents revealed themselves significantly more relativistic than younger ones. Gender seems to be the most important determinant of ethical judgments; against expectations, men evidenced significantly stricter judgments than women in two of the five scenarios. Findings also indicated that respondents’ ethical judgments did not differ significantly based on their ethical ideology, supporting the idea that ethical ideology is not an important determinant of ethical judgments. (shrink)

My aim in this article is to analyze and to discuss what I think are the two most important approaches to a theory of truth from a non-realist standpoint: the proposal of Crispin Wright and the proposal enounced by Putnam in Reason, Truth and History. Wright argues for a minimalist theory of truth according to which truth has to be a metaphysically neutral notion and admits several possible models. One of these possible models is Putnam's notion of "rational acceptability under (...) ideal epistemic circumstances"; the other one is Wright's own proposal of truth as "superassertibility". Both authors are seeking for a notion of truth that is both absolute and stable (in contrast with warranted assertibility). I will claim that neither of the proposals satisfies these requirements as long as we understand them as generalizations from the mathematical (proof-based) model. (shrink)

Nesta resenha são apresentados alguns pontos fundamentais do livro de Tracie Matysik When Spinoza Met Marx: Experiments in Nonhumanist Activity. Na obra, a autora analisa detidamente alguns pensadores ligados à tradição alemã pós-Hegel: Heinrich Heine, Berthlod Auerbach, Moses Hess, Karl Marx, Johann Jacoby, Jakob Stern e Gueorgui Plekhanov. Seu foco é o modo como todos esses utilizaram o pensamento de Espinosa para compreender a noção de atividade e a possibilidade de transformação social. Espinosa era fundamental para o tema, pois seu (...) pensamento permitiria unir a ação humana à sua completa determinação frente à necessidade presente na natureza, duas ideias indispensáveis para um século no qual a ciência se desenvolvia rapidamente e para um país que acabara de presenciar as revoluções nas terras vizinhas. Matysik, então, nos oferece a oportunidade de entender a riqueza do espinosismo, dadas as inúmeras possibilidades de interpretação das obras do filósofo neerlandês, utilizadas tanto para fins revolucionários quanto reformistas. Além disso, a partir da segunda metade do livro, a autora nos convoca para discutir as relações entre a filosofia da completa determinação e os movimentos com raízes no socialismo marxista, apresentando os principais problemas que surgiam - e ainda surgem - para os autores que buscavam traçar tal conexão. (shrink)

El cambio climático es uno de los mayores desafíos a los que nos enfrentamos en el siglo XXI. Los niños, niñas y adolescentes son especialmente vulnerables a sus efectos y han levantado su voz exigiendo justicia climática y un mayor reconocimiento en esta lucha ante la falta de atención de los estados. Aunque se han mejorado sus derechos para participar en la toma de decisiones, todavía no se han visto acciones concretas, especialmente en el sur global. En este artículo se (...) propone el concepto de «reconocimiento recíproco de capacidades» como una manera de empoderar a los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se concluye que es fundamental abordar este reconocimiento a nivel micropolítico. (shrink)

Nesta obra, Patrick J. Geary, professor emérito de História na Universidade da Califórnia, que dedicou a sua vida académica ao estudo da História Medieval, apresenta-nos as suas “reflexões sobre a relação entre os mitos dos povos europeus e as realidades do nacionalismo contemporâneo” (p. 7). A narrativa que Patrick J. Geary nos oferece tem um objectivo claro e assumido: desmontar os mitos nacionalistas e contribuir para a prevenção do seu reaparecimento e/ou fortalecimento. Esta obra acaba p...

In this paper I intend to argue that Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, one of the lead characters of the novel War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy, can be taken as a Schopenhauerian hero.

A review of Alejandro Llano's book, Sueño y vigilia de la razón, is attempted on this article. To this aim it presents five main ideas from which it is possible to go beyond modernity limits to reach a new realistic philosophical framework.

Se plantea un trabajo de problematización socio-filosófica de la dimensión mediática de nuestros modos contemporáneos de coexistencia que retoma la perspectiva analítico-crítica formulada por Michel Foucault. En primer lugar, se considera la problematicidad de la ausencia de una indagación en profundidad al respecto en su obra; y se enfocan los escasos lugares en los que él mismo se refirió a la temática, especialmente sus indicaciones relativas a la emergencia de la noción de “público” como una dimensión particular de la población. (...) En segundo lugar, se abordan los modos en que su pensamiento ha sido retomado por pensadores contemporáneos que han situado la centralidad de las técnicas comunicacionales de poder, como Maurizio Lazzarato y Byung-Chul Han, y que se han planteado la necesidad de avanzar más allá sirviéndose en ambos casos de las propuestas de Gilles Deleuze sobre las sociedades de control. En particular, se sitúa cómo los conceptos de “biopolítica” y “biopoder” de Foucault son reformulados para construir nociones, tales como las de “noopolítica” y “psicopolítica”, que buscan dar cuenta de las formas de poder que se ejercen ya no sobre los cuerpos sino primariamente sobre la mente o la psique. (shrink)

Prólogo de José Luis L. Aranguren. Destacados profesores universitarios españoles abordan desde la autoridad de su formación, investigación y actividad académica, y a través de distintas ópticas y posiciones, la polémica cuestión de "Heidegger y la política".

RESUMO No Livro I, parte IV, do "Tratado da natureza humana", Hume desenvolve aquilo que vamos chamar de lógica da ficção. Não se trata de um simples erro da imaginação enquanto fantasia, mas de uma propensão a criar ideias, entidades e objetos a partir das percepções presentes na mente. O que resulta daí é um sentido rico e novo de ficção que permite a Hume desenvolver uma história natural da filosofia, descrevendo a gênese inevitável de conceitos metafísicos. Partindo de uma (...) inspiração kantiana, iremos abordar esse tema ressaltando as semelhanças e diferenças entre as ficções naturais e a ilusão transcendental. ABSTRACT In Book I, part IV, of the "Treatise of Human Nature", Hume develops what we will call logic of fiction. It is not the case of a mere error of imagination as fancy, but a tendency to feign ideas, entities and objects from the perceptions in the mind. The result is a rich and new sense of fiction that allows Hume to establish a natural history of Philosophy, describing the unavoidable genesis of metaphysical concepts. From a Kantian point of view, we will approach this subject by highlighting the similarities as well as the differences between the natural fictions and the transcendental illusion. (shrink)

Near the end of 2015, Luis Fariñas del Cerro officially retired as directeur de recherche in the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and became an Emeritus researcher of the CNRS. The present special issue is a Festschrift in his honour to celebrate Luis’s achievements in science, both as an outstanding scholar as well as a remarkable and highly successful organiser, administrator and leader in science and technology policy and management, in particular as the founder of the Journal of Applied (...) Non-Classical Logics. The issue contains 13 scientific contributions by 32 authors, among them Luis’s colleagues, former students and friends. Preceding versions of these papers were presented at the international workshop ‘Logical Reasoning and Computation’ that was held at IRITInstitut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, on 3–4 March 2016. The present introduction contains a short scientific biography describing the many different areas of logic and computation where Luis contributed significant advances. (shrink)

We give an account of stable reasoning, a recent and novel approach to problem solving from a formal, logical point of view. We describe the underlying logic of stable reasoning and illustrate how it is used to model different domains and solve practical reasoning problems. We discuss some of the main differences with respect to reasoning in classical logic and we examine an ongoing research programme for the rational reconstruction of human knowledge that may be considered a successor to the (...) logical empiricists’ programme of the mid-twentieth century. (shrink)